珠江口盆地惠州凹陷古近纪多幕裂陷旋回的沉积物源响应          下载免费PDF全文

王维  叶加仁  杨香华  施和生  舒誉  吴静 《地球科学》2015,40(6):1061-1071

为阐明惠州凹陷古近纪构造活动对物源供给与沉积充填的控制作用,以LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年为主要技术手段,对惠州凹陷古近系不同层段的8件样品中的锆石形态及年代组成进行分析,定量研究其物源供给规律.南部物源,即盆内基岩凸起与东沙隆起,以中生代火成岩为主;北部物源,即盆外华南褶皱带,岩性及年代学复杂.结果显示从下文昌组-上文昌组-恩平组的砂岩样品中,中生代锆石颗粒含量逐渐降低,前寒武-古生代锆石颗粒含量逐渐增加,表明惠州凹陷具有早期南部供源逐渐到晚期北部供源的转换规律.惠州凹陷构造演化分为3幕:裂陷Ⅰ_A、Ⅰ_B和Ⅱ幕.裂陷Ⅰ_A幕,下文昌组沉积时期,凹陷南部断层活动强烈,砂岩中锆石以中生代颗粒为主,沉积相类型以靠近南部断裂带发育的扇三角洲及中深湖相为主;裂陷Ⅰ_B幕,上文昌组沉积时期,北部边界断裂带活动强度增加,中生代锆石颗粒含量为68%,前寒武-古生代颗粒含量为32%,表明该时期南北同时供源,沉积体系以扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲及中深湖相为特色;裂陷Ⅱ幕,恩平组沉积时期,北部断层持续活动,前寒武-古生代锆石颗粒含量为64%,中生代颗粒含量为36%,证实恩平组沉积时期以北部物源为主,发育了浅水辫状河三角洲、滩坝以及薄煤层.   相似文献   

Suspended sediment and total dissolved solid yield patterns at the headwaters of Urumqi River,northwestern China: a comparison between glacial and non‐glacial catchments          下载免费PDF全文

Wenhua Gao  Shu Gao  Zhongqin Li  X. X. Lu  Mingjun Zhang  Shengjie Wang 《水文研究》2014,28(19):5034-5047

In order to understand the differences in the suspended sediment and total dissolved solid (TDS) yield patterns between the glacial and non‐glacial catchments at the headwaters of Urumqi River, northwestern China, water samples were collected from a glacier catchment and an empty cirque catchment within the region, during three melting seasons from 2006 to 2008. These samples were analyzed to estimate suspended sediment and TDS concentrations, fluxes and erosion rates in the two adjoining catchments. There were remarked differences in suspended sediment and TDS yield patterns between the two catchments. Suspended sediment concentrations were controlled mainly by the sediment source, whereas TDS concentrations were primarily related to the hydrologic interaction with soil minerals. Generally, the glacial catchment had much higher suspended sediment and TDS yields, together with higher denudation rates, than the non‐glacial catchment. Overall, glacial catchment was mainly dominated by physical denudation process, whereas the non‐glacial catchment was jointly influenced by physical and chemical denudation processes. The observed differences in material delivery patterns were mainly controlled by the runoff source and the glacial processes. The melting periods of glacier and snow were typically the most important time for the suspended sediment and TDS yields. Meanwhile, episodic precipitation events could generate disproportionately large yields. Subglacial hydrology dynamics, glaciers pluck and grind processes could affect erodibility, and the large quantities of dust stored on the glacier surface provided additional sources for suspended sediment transport in the glacial catchment. These mechanisms imply that, in response to climate change, the catchment behaviour will be modified significantly in this region, in terms of material flux. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

青藏高原东北缘瑞利面波成像：射线理论与程函方程结果的比较     

郝识杰  黄周传  王良书  徐鸣洁  米宁  于大勇 《高校地质学报》2020,26(6):712-720

青藏高原东北缘是青藏高原隆升的前缘地带，其构造变形特征一直是研究的热点。前人在该区域进行过面波成像研究，但不同结果存在较明显的差异，可能与不同成像方法的分辨率有关，此次研究分别使用基于射线的方法和基于程函方程的方法进行了瑞利波相速度成像。笔者对比了20 s、30 s和60 s的成像结果，两种方法的结果表现出相似的速度特征。总体的速度特征与研究区域的主要构造单元分布相吻合，青藏高原东北缘表现出低速异常，鄂尔多斯块体表现出高速异常。在银川河套地堑，基于程函方程的成像在20 s和30 s得到更明显的低速异常，低速异常体的分布与地堑的轮廓吻合更好，说明基于程函方程的方法对数据利用更充分。  相似文献   

Spatial patterns in natural Picea crassifolia forests of northwestern China,as basis for close-to-nature forestry     

HE Zhi-bin  FANG Shu  CHEN Long-fei  DU Jun  ZHU Xi  LIN Peng-fei 《山地科学学报》2018,(9)

Close-to-nature forest management has been proposed as an effective method for improving the quality of plantation forests. Knowledge of spatial distribution patterns, structure, and succession trajectories in natural forests can provide guidelines for the establishment of close-to-nature forest plantations. Such knowledge is lacking in natural spruce(Picea crassifolia) forests in the Qilian Mountains of China, impeding the establishment of production forests. We conducted a case study in the Qilian Mountains to analyze the relationships between the naturally-formed forest patches and terrain factors, spatial heterogeneity of stand characteristics, and stand structure following harvesting disturbance. Our results suggested that spruce plantations will be effective on the N, NE, and NW slopes, at elevations between 2700 and 3300 m, and on slopes ranging from 15° to 45°. Further, planted forest patches should occupy 64% of the slope area on semi-shady slopes(NE, NW). Spatial patterns in the studied forest exhibited a strong scale-effect, and an area of 0.25 ha could be used as the most efficient plot scale for the management of spruce plantations. Partial logging is an effective method for the conversion of spruce planted forests into nearnatural forests, and the intensity of partial logging can be determined from the negative exponential function relationship between stand density and DBH. Our results provided critical information for the development of spruce plantations and conversion of existing plantations.  相似文献   

东海PN断面透明胞外聚合颗粒物分布特征及来源研究     

舒逸  张桂成  孙军 《海洋学报》2018,40(8):110-119

透明胞外聚合颗粒物（TEP）是凝聚网的重要组成部分甚至核心，在微尺度范围上形成了水环境结构的重要梯度，对于元素地球化学生物循环、碳沉降以及食物网有着举足轻重的作用。本文研究了东海典型断面PN透明胞外聚合颗粒物的分布特征及来源。结果表明:东海典型断面PN透明胞外聚合颗粒物含量介于28~376 μg Xeq./L之间，平均值为（115±67）μg Xeq./L；呈现出明显的夏季 > 冬季 > 秋季 > 春季的季节变化特征以及近岸 > 外海和底层 > 表层的分布趋势。通过对比透明胞外聚合颗粒物分布趋势和硅藻、甲藻分布趋势以及统计分析得出，东海典型断面PN透明胞外聚合颗粒物主要来源于硅藻，甲藻贡献不大；而外海TEP的来源可能主要由超微型浮游植物贡献。  相似文献   

全球百年海表面温度年际和年代际变化特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张锦婷  刘秦玉  武术 《海洋学报》2010,32(4):24-31

利用100 a(1903—2002年)HadiSST的逐月资料,将全球海表面温度异常(SSTA)作为整体进行经验正交函数分解(EOF分解),提取了控制各大洋SSTA的主导模态和各大洋之间的联合模态,分析了相应的空间分布和时间序列。研究结果表明:SSTA变化最剧烈的海区是赤道中东太平洋、西北大西洋湾流海区和北太平洋黑潮延伸体海区。热带太平洋厄尔尼诺和南方涛动是主导模态并具有2~7 a周期的年际变化;SSTA变化第二主模态和第三主模态都是以大约70 a为周期的年代际变化为主的跨大洋联合模态。第二主模态的空间分布主要表现为中纬度北太平洋和北大西洋反位相、热带太平洋与大西洋反位相的太平洋-大西洋双偶极子型分布。SSTA变化的第三模态主要呈现南北半球海洋反位相的特征,为北太平洋-北大西洋-南大洋联合模态。第四模态基本上是反映各个不同海域特有的局地海洋-大气相互作用模态,该模态的时间序列具有1~4 a周期的年际变化和约9 a周期的年代际变化。  相似文献   

Climate Warming Mitigation from Nationally Determined Contributions     

Bo FU  Jingyi LI  Thomas GASSER  Philippe CIAIS  Shilong PIAO  Shu TAO  Guofeng SHEN  Yuqin LAI  Luchao HAN  Bengang LI 《大气科学进展》2022,39(8):1217-1228

Individual countries are requested to submit nationally determined contributions (NDCs) to alleviate global warming in the Paris Agreement. However, the global climate effects and regional contributions are not explicitly considered in the countries’ decision-making process. In this study, we evaluate the global temperature slowdown of the NDC scenario (?T = 0.6°C) and attribute the global temperature slowdown to certain regions of the world with a compact earth system model. Considering reductions in CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, BC, and SO₂, the R5OECD (the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development in 1990) and R5ASIA (Asian countries) are the top two contributors to global warming mitigation, accounting for 39.3% and 36.8%, respectively. R5LAM (Latin America and the Caribbean) and R5MAF (the Middle East and Africa) followed behind, with contributions of 11.5% and 8.9%, respectively. The remaining 3.5% is attributed to R5REF (the Reforming Economies). Carbon Dioxide emission reduction is the decisive factor of regional contributions, but not the only one. Other greenhouse gases are also important, especially for R5MAF. The contribution of short-lived aerosols is small but significant, notably SO₂ reduction in R5ASIA. We argue that additional species beyond CO₂ need to be considered, including short-lived pollutants, when planning a route to mitigate climate change. It needs to be emphasized that there is still a gap to achieve the Paris Agreement 2-degree target with current NDC efforts, let alone the ambitious 1.5-degree target. All countries need to pursue stricter reduction policies for a more sustainable world.  相似文献   

A Machine Learning-based Cloud Detection Algorithm for the Himawari-8 Spectral Image     

Chao LIU  Shu YANG  Di DI  Yuanjian YANG  Chen ZHOU  Xiuqing HU  Byung-Ju SOHN 《大气科学进展》2022,39(12):1994-2007

Cloud Masking is one of the most essential products for satellite remote sensing and downstream applications. This study develops machine learning-based (ML-based) cloud detection algorithms using spectral observations for the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) onboard the Himawari-8 geostationary satellite. Collocated active observations from Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) are used to provide reference labels for model development and validation. We introduce both daytime and nighttime algorithms that differ according to whether solar band observations are included, and the artificial neural network (ANN) and random forest (RF) techniques are adopted for comparison. To eliminate the influences of surface conditions on cloud detection, we introduce three models with different treatments of the surface. Instead of developing independent ML-based algorithms, we add surface variables in a binary way that enhances the ML-based algorithm accuracy by ~5%. Validated against CALIOP observations, we find that our daytime RF-based algorithm outperforms the AHI operational algorithm by improving the accuracy of cloudy pixel detection by ~5%, while at the same time, reducing misjudgment by ~3%. The nighttime model with only infrared observations is also slightly better than the AHI operational product but may tend to overestimate cloudy pixels. Overall, our ML-based algorithms can serve as a reliable method to provide cloud mask results for both daytime and nighttime AHI observations. We furthermore suggest treating the surface with a set of independent variables for future ML-based algorithm development.  相似文献   

Fengyun-4 Geostationary Satellite-Based Solar Energy Nowcasting System and Its Application in North China     

Chunlin HUANG  Hongrong SHI  Ling GAO  Mengqi LIU  Qixiang CHEN  Disong FU  Shu WANG  Yuan YUAN  Xiang′ao XIA 《大气科学进展》2022,39(8):1316-1328

Surface solar irradiance (SSI) nowcasting (0–3 h) is an effective way to overcome the intermittency of solar energy and to ensure the safe operation of grid-connected solar power plants. In this study, an SSI estimate and nowcasting system was established using the near-infrared channel of Fengyun-4A (FY-4A) geostationary satellite. The system is composed of two key components: The first is a hybrid SSI estimation method combining a physical clear-sky model and an empirical cloudy-sky model. The second component is the SSI nowcasting model, the core of which is the derivation of the cloud motion vector (CMV) using the block-matching method. The goal of simultaneous estimation and nowcasting of global horizontal irradiance (GHI) and direct normal irradiance (DNI) is fulfilled. The system was evaluated under different sky conditions using SSI measurements at Xianghe, a radiation station in the North China Plain. The results show that the accuracy of GHI estimation is higher than that of DNI estimation, with a normalized root-mean-square error (nRMSE) of 22.4% relative to 45.4%. The nRMSE of forecasting GHI and DNI at 30–180 min ahead varied within 25.1%–30.8% and 48.1%–53.4%, respectively. The discrepancy of SSI estimation depends on cloud occurrence frequency and shows a seasonal pattern, being lower in spring–summer and higher in autumn–winter. The FY-4A has great potential in supporting SSI nowcasting, which promotes the development of photovoltaic energy and the reduction of carbon emissions in China. The system can be improved further if calibration of the empirical method is improved.  相似文献   

长江口枯季悬沙粒度与浓度之间的关系   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王爱军  汪亚平  高抒  潘少明 《海洋科学进展》2005,23(2):159-167

2003和2004年枯季在长江口采集水样并作水文观测，对所获水样进行过滤和粒度分析，以计算悬沙浓度和悬沙粒度分布。结果表明，2003年11月小潮期间，悬沙中值粒径与悬沙浓度存在着显著的指数关系，在大潮期间没有显著关系；在2004年2月小湖期间，两者之间没有显著关系，但在大潮期间存在着显著的指数关系。枯季水体悬沙以粉砂组份为主，并且随着向口外的推移，细颗粒组份逐渐增加，但在拦门沙最大浑浊带附近，由于絮凝作用，沉积物粒度变幅较大，可产生粒径粗化的现象。小潮期间，砂含量较低，但与悬沙浓度之间有显著相关关系；大潮期间，悬沙粒径粗化，但砂含量与悬沙浓度之间的关系不显著。上述分布趋势与沉积物来源、当地的水动力条件和絮凝作用等因素有密切关系。  相似文献